金水宝胶囊生产过程中质量控制方法的建立

目的:完善金水宝胶囊生产过程中的质量控制体系,为该制剂的后续研究与应用提供实验依据。方法:采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC),Ultimate AQ-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm),腺苷、鸟苷、尿苷含量测定的色谱条件为流动相甲醇(A)-0.1%甲酸水溶液(B)梯度洗脱(0~14 min,100%~99%B;14~19 min,99%~89%B;19~39 min,89%~85%B),流速0.4 m L·min^-1,柱温30℃,进样量10μL,检测波长260 nm。麦角甾醇含量测定的色谱条件为流动相甲醇-水(98∶2),流速1 m L·min^-1,柱温25℃,进样量10μL,检测波长283 nm。结果:发酵虫草菌粉不同生产阶段样品的指纹图谱中主要色谱峰差异性较小。腺苷、鸟苷、尿苷的线性关系良好(R2均>0.999);三者的加样回收率分别为106.06%,101.25%,105.88%,RSD均<3.0%。于2016-2018年各抽取的20批样品中腺苷、麦角甾醇的含量均符合2015年版《中国药典》的要求,鸟苷、尿苷的质量分别为0.97~1.36,0.67~1.38 mg/粒。结论:市面所售金水宝胶囊质量较为稳定。建立的方法可用于检测金水宝胶囊的质量,且操作简便、稳定可靠,可为发酵虫草菌粉类产品的检测提供参考。     

冬虫夏草中砷及其安全性评价研究进展

传统名贵中药冬虫夏草Cordyceps sinensis中砷超标及其安全性问题近年来备受关注,针对冬虫夏草中砷的研究逐渐增加并不断深入。在文献查阅的基础上,从冬虫夏草砷及砷形态的分析方法,砷的含量、分布、存在形态,安全性评价,以及野生和人工仿生繁育冬虫夏草中砷含量等方面进行归纳总结,并对冬虫夏草中砷的认知及研究进行展望,以期为冬虫夏草安全性评价的深入研究提供参考。     

冬虫夏草治疗慢性肾病临床疗效的系统评价

目的系统评价冬虫夏草治疗慢性肾脏疾病的临床疗效。方法计算机检索MEDLINE(1996-2005．10)、EMbase (1984-2005．10)、Cochrane临床对照试验资料库(2005年第3期)、中国生物医学文献光盘数据库(1978-2005．10)。按照Cochrane系统评价的方法,逐一评价纳入研究的质量,提取有效数据,采用RevMan 4．2．7软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入1个随机对照试验和5个半随机对照试验(n=434)。Meta分析结果显示:①显效率:5个研究与空白对照比较,其差异有统计学意义[RR2．13, 95％CI(1．06,4．26),P=0．03];1个研究与肾炎康复片相比,差异无统计学意义[RR 2．17,95％CI(0．73,6．460)]。②总有效率:5个研究与空白比较,其差异有统计学意义[RR 1．94,95％CI(1．14,3．30),P=0．01];1个研究与肾炎康复片比较,差异无统计学意义[RR 1.39,95％CI(0．89,2．16)]。③不良反应:极少发生且表现轻微,使用相对安全。结论现有有限证据表明,冬虫夏草可以部分增加慢性肾脏疾病的显效率及总有效率,但需要更多设计良好的随机、双盲、安慰剂对照试验加以证实。     

Chemical Constituents from Mycelia and Spores of Fungus Cordyceps cicadae

Objective To isolate and identify the chemical constituents from mycelia and spores of the fungus Cordyceps cicadae,respectively.Methods The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by repeated silica gel,Sephadex LH-20,and reversed phase HPLC.The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis,including 1 D and 2D NMR.Results Nine known sterols such as ergosterol(1),ergosterol peroxide(2),9,11-dehydroergosterol peroxide(3),3β,5α,9α-trihydroxy-(22E,24R)-ergosta-7,22-dien-6-one(4),3β,5α,9α,14α-tetrahydroxy-(22E,24R)-ergosta-7,22-dien-6-one(5),5x,6x-epoxy-(22E,24R)-ergosta-8(l 4),22-diene-3β,7α-diol(6),3β,5α,6β-(22E,24R)-ergosta-7,22-dien-3,5,6-triol(7),3|3,5x,6x-6-methoxyergosta-(22E,24R)-7,22-diene-3,5-diol(8),4-hydroxy-17R-methylincisterol(9),together with a resorcinol derivative,5-n-nonadecylresorcinol(10),a cyclodesipeptide,beauvericin(11),and a nucleoside,N~6-(2-hydroxyethyl)adenosine(12)were successively isolated from the cultivated C.cicadae mycelia and spores.Conclusion Compounds 3-10 are reported for the first time from the title sample,beauvericin exhibits significant cytotoxicity against human leukemia cell line and human lung cancer cell line.     

冬虫夏草提取液抑制破骨细胞分化与缓解去卵巢小鼠骨量流失的研究

目的 探讨冬虫夏草提取液（Cordyceps sinensis extract,CSE）对去卵巢小鼠骨量流失的保护作用以及对核因子κB受体活化因子配体（receptor activator of NF-κB ligand,RANKL）诱导的破骨细胞分化及其功能的影响。方法 从C57BL/6小鼠骨髓中提取巨噬细胞（bone marrow-derived macrophages,BMMs）;在破骨细胞分化过程中,加入CSE干预处理,通过抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶（tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase,TRAP）染色分析破骨细胞数量;将接近成熟的破骨细胞种于羟基磷灰石板,观测骨陷窝面积;使用DAPI和鬼笔环肽对破骨细胞肌动蛋白环（F-actin）进行染色,观测环内细胞核数量和环形态;使用q-PCR检测DC-STAMP、ATP6V0d2、TRAP、CTSK、NFATc1的表达;使用Western blot检测MAPK通路蛋白的表达;构建去卵巢小鼠,每天灌胃给予CSE,治疗6周取小鼠股骨进行形态学分析以及ELISA检测外周血中骨碱性磷酸酶（bone alkaline p...     

Anti-cancer effect of Cordyceps militaris in human colorectal carcinoma RKO cells via cell cycle arrest and mitochondrial apoptosis

Background

Cordyceps militaris has been used as a traditional medicine in Asian countries for a long time. Different types of Cordyceps extract were reported to have various pharmacological activities including an anti-cancer effect. We investigated the inhibitory effect of Cordyceps militaris ethanol extract on a human colorectal cancer-derived cell line, RKO.

Methods

RKO cells were treated with various concentrations of nucleosides-enriched ethanol extract of Cordyceps militaris for 48 h and cytotoxicity was measured using a CCK-8 assay. Then, xenograft Balb/c nude mice were injected with RKO cells and subsequently orally administered with ethanol extract of Cordyceps militaris every day for 3 weeks to examine the inhibitory effect on tumor growth. Lastly, the effect of Cordyceps militaris on cell cycle as well as apoptosis was measured using flow cytometry. Also, the expression of p53, caspase 9, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP, Bim, Bax, Bak, and Bad were detected using western blot assay.

Results

RKO cells were highly susceptible to the ethanol extract of Cordyceps militaris (CME) and the growth of RKO cells-derived tumor was significantly delayed by the treatment of Cordyceps militaris. Cordyceps militaris induced cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase (untreated; 20.5 %, CME 100 μg/ml; 61.67 %, CME 300 μg/ml; 66.33 %) and increased early apoptosis (untreated; 1.01 %, CME 100 μg/ml; 8.48 %, CME 300 μg/ml; 18.07 %). The expression of p53, cleaved caspase 9, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP, Bim, Bak, and Bad were upregulated by the treatment of Cordyceps militaris.

Conclusion

Ethanol extract of Cordyceps militaris was highly cytotoxic to human colorectal carcinoma RKO cells and inhibited the growth of tumor in xenograft model. The anti-tumor effect of Cordyceps militaris was associated with an induction of cell cycle arrest and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis.     

线粒体COI和CYTB基因在虫草属物种寄主昆虫鉴定中的适用性分析

目的：利用DNA条形码技术对冬虫夏草、凉山虫草、亚香棒虫草、戴氏虫草等物种的寄主昆虫分别通过COI序列和Cytb序列进行条形码分析,探索虫草属物种寄主昆虫鉴定序列的适用性。方法：通过DNA提取、PCR、电泳检测和序列测定,分别获得26份虫草寄主虫体的COI序列和Cytb序列,再用拼接和分析软件进行序列的比对和聚类分析。结果：COI序列和Cytb序列都能很好地区分鉴定虫草类各物种,但COI序列的扩增成功率大于Cytb基因,同时在COI基因片段中共检测到129个多态位点,变异率为19.51%;在Cytb基因片段中共检测到113个多态位点,变异率为26.10%。COI序列的简约信息点多于Cytb序列,且基因变异率低于后者。结论：本研究建议COI序列更适用于虫草寄主昆虫的DNA条形码研究。     

戴氏虫草多糖诱导肿瘤细胞分化的研究

目的：观察戴氏虫草多糖（ CDP）对人红白血病K562细胞和人早幼粒白血病HL-60细胞分化的影响。方法：用1、10、100及1000 mg/L浓度的CDP分别处理K562细胞和HL-60细胞2 d,台盘蓝染色计数两种细胞的死活细胞数,同时检测CDP处理后K562细胞的血红蛋白的含量,观察200个HL-60细胞的分化情况。结果：在CDP作用下,K562细胞存活率增高,K562细胞内血红蛋白含量增加;HL60细胞形态向中幼,晚幼阶段方向分化,且其阳性细胞数与CDP的浓度有明显的量—效关系。结论：CDP可诱导K562细胞与HL60细胞分别向红细胞系和粒细胞系方向分化。     

Pro-Apoptotic Activity of 4-Isopropyl-2-(1-Phenylethyl) Aniline Isolated from Cordyceps bassiana

Cordyceps species including Cordyceps bassiana are a notable anti-cancer dietary supplement. Previously, we identified several compounds with anti-cancer activity from the butanol fraction (Cb-BF) of Cordyceps bassiana. To expand the structural value of Cb-BF-derived anti-cancer drugs, we employed various chemical moieties to produce a novel Cb-BF-derived chemical derivative, KTH-13-amine-monophenyl [4-isopropyl-2-(1-phenylethyl) aniline (KTH-13-AMP)], which we tested for anti-cancer activity. KTH-13-AMP suppressed the proliferation of MDA-MB-231, HeLa, and C6 glioma cells. KTH-13-AMP also dose-dependently induced morphological changes in C6 glioma cells and time-dependently increased the level of early apoptotic cells stained with annexin V-FITC. Furthermore, the levels of the active full-length forms of caspase-3 and caspase-9 were increased. In contrast, the levels of total forms of caspases-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, and Bcl-2 were decreased in KTH-13-AMP treated-cells. We also confirmed that the phosphorylation of STAT3, Src, and PI3K/p85, which is linked to cell survival, was diminished by treatment with KTH-13-AMP. Therefore, these results strongly suggest that this compound can be used to guide the development of an anti-cancer drug or serve as a lead compound in forming another strong anti-proliferative agent.     

大孔树脂联用硅胶柱色谱法富集制备人工蛹虫草中虫草素的工艺研究

目的优选一种简单快捷分离制备人工蛹虫草中虫草素的工艺。方法首先考察7种不同极性的大孔树脂,优选出最佳吸附树脂,然后对树脂富集虫草素的吸附量、洗脱剂浓度、洗脱体积等工艺进行考察,最后对硅胶柱洗脱剂比例等条件进行考察,优选出最佳的硅胶柱分离洗脱剂。结果根据实验考察数据得出最佳工艺条件:大孔树脂型号为HPD-D,树脂对虫草提取液(0.1 mg/m L)的吸附量为2树脂床体积(2BV),用20%乙醇,洗脱体积为3BV可将虫草素洗脱完全,硅胶柱洗脱剂为乙酸乙酯∶丙酮(2∶1),分离制得虫草素晶体纯度约为93.60%。结论优选出的人工蛹虫草中虫草素的富集分离工艺简单快捷,适用于大规模生产制备虫草素。